20 Rising Stars To Watch In The Evolution Korea Industry
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Evolution Korea
South Korea's democracy is susceptible to populist impulses. It's still more stable than was expected.
The country is in search of an innovative development paradigm. The Confucian culture, which stresses respect for the ancestors as and gender-specific family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend that is emerging.
Origins
In the prehistoric era the ancestors of modern Koreans survived by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate millet and beans as well as other crops. They also raised livestock, and also made furs. They established tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metallurgy business, making bronze and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced cedon, paper making block printing art styles, as well as a written language to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon was founded on the southern part of the peninsula. The state adopted Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. During this time, the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society that included a monarch as well as senior officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy, while the rest of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from the citizens and sometimes required them to join the army or take part in projects for the government like building fortifications.
Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong, the founder of Goguryeo established the state of Baekje at the close of the time. The new kingdom expanded its territory into the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war with Goguryeo and China's commandos in the region. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas in its state beliefs system in 1390 CE, and established the male-centric notion of filiopiety into a doctrine. Under the cover of filiopiety fathers were accountable to their families. They had to be obeyed by all and admired by even their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, which would rule from 918 until 1392 CE introduced the world to the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth during pronunciation. This greatly improved communication and led to a rise in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was refined. It was during this time that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' first appeared in 1145 CE.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times. Early evidence for human settlements is visible in the form of graves lined with stone, with precious goods like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens and built of single large stones, are common in the country.
Gojoseon was the first state to be recognized in the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was later under the control of a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) including Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern region of the peninsula was occupied for a time by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states arose in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje, the most powerful of these states, was weakened by the fall of Goguryeo (676 CE) and was left with only its southern regions in Manchuria and the western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo, and the Gaya confederacy, prospered for a time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to collaborate to expand their territories. In the end, Silla, with significant Chinese assistance, defeated the other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea is entering the post-crisis phase, its development paradigm appears to be changing. People who are shocked by the immense cost of the old system would prefer an extensive program of liberalization in capital, labor, and product markets. On the other hand, people who support the old system attempt to protect it by promoting nationalist sentiments, and by exaggerating fears about possible job losses.
The academic and policy analysts remain in a tense debate about the extent to which these two trends are driving Koreas evolution towards an economic model that is radically different from the one of governance. This article examines developments to date, by looking at five phases of the country's political evolution including the illiberal democratic period (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and participatory democracy (2002 to present). This article also identifies key elements that are shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their beliefs to this segment. A survey from 2009 showed that nearly one-third of respondents didn't believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% believed that there was no scientific evidence to support the theory 39% of respondents claimed that it did not align with their religious beliefs; and 17% said they did not know what it meant. This level of doubt is similar to that of the United States, where click here a majority of people do not believe that humans evolved from earlier types of life.
In the past of the anti-evolution movements in Korea was focused on educating college students and in bringing them to Christ. An increase in the interest in creation science occurred in the year 1980, when there was a four-day seminar held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul that included Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the featured speakers. This event drew an audience of professors, scientists, and church leaders.
The event's success led to the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st in 1980. The inaugural meeting was widely reported in national newspapers, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and also received wide attention.
KACR began publishing a newsletter called CREATION. In CREATION, the organization published its own activities and published articles about scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR and also some books on creationism that were published outside of Korea. KACR members taught throughout the country at universities and churches.
A KACR success was witnessed at the KAIST University in Seoul. There, enough students were interested in creationism that they raised the funds and support to construct a small museum on campus showing creationist models of fossils and other exhibits.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine called CREATION which covers topics in creation science. It has also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It also has local branches that hold seminars and present talks to children in schools and other community groups.
The evolution of South Korea
In the latter half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. In this period the famous samulnori or masked dance-dramas, were loved by the public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drummers as well as other instruments of music.
The economic crisis has formed Korea's new paradigm of development. The primary challenge facing the new regime is to find the right balance between the state-led economic policies and market-based ones. It also involves changing incentives, monitoring or discipline schemes that have been a part of the system prior the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by the people who lived along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas and migrants from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. As a result, it was in frequent battle with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders across the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He controlled a part of the present-day Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He was a rival to Goguryeo.
His rule was however short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935 and unified Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla Later, he incorporated Baekje into Goryeo without a fight as his successor. Additionally, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a central government system. This marked the conclusion of the Three Kingdoms period. From that point on the Korean peninsula was under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually grew to become powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.